The Center of Excellence for Geopolitics and International Studies (CEGIS) is hosting a Roundtable Discussion on the topic “India-Pakistan in 2025: Conflict and Deterrence”, on 6 June 2025, to educate young students about the intricacies involved in recent developments between India and Pakistan, so they can become security-aware citizens of India. The recent India-Pakistan conflict highlighted the transition from conventional fighting to multidimensional warfare. India sent a strong message after the 22 April 2025, Pahalgam Terrorist Attack with ‘Operation Sindoor’ that it will no longer tolerate the menace of terrorism, showcasing long-range, AI-integrated precision strikes enabled by modern aircraft and guided munitions. At the same time, offensive readiness exercises (such as Exercise Aakraman) and nationwide civil defense drills (Operation Abhyaas) emphasized a ‘whole-of-nation’ approach to defense preparedness. India and Pakistan have significantly modernized their military capabilities, integrating AI, satellite intelligence, and indigenous technological innovations. This shift necessitates a rethinking of escalation thresholds, deterrence strategies, and the complexity of warfare in the 21st century.